Determinants of knowledge regarding self-medication among professional students of the apothecary
Abstract
Background: Self-medication or the use of over-the-counter drugs by the general public, including among professional students, is becoming an increasingly common practice. However, this practice can carry risks if done without adequate knowledge, especially for pharmacist students who will later play a role in providing education related to drug use.
Objective: This study aims to identify factors that affect the level of knowledge of pharmacist program students regarding self-medication.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire, and the recorded data were analyzed using Logistic regression models. In total, 100 (66.7%) of 150 students practised self-medication at least once recently.
Results: We observe that female students were more likely to have a higher level of knowledge about self-medication than male students—aOR = 4.52, 95 % CI = 1.41-14.42. Meanwhile, students living alone were less likely to have a higher level of self-medication knowledge than those staying with somebody else —aOR = 0.47, 95 % CI = 0.23-0.97.
Conclusion: The effect of students who practised self-medication on a higher level of knowledge about self-medication was significant among students who live with somebody else—aOR =2.85, CI = 1.01-8.01 but not among students who live alone. There are more attempts to educate the students about self-medication and the possible risks of doing self-medication. We suggest a similar study can be observed among students during their bachelor study or in their Professional Program.
Downloads
References
AbdElsalam, R. M. M. and ElKholy, S. E. A.-E. (2024) ‘Pilot testing cognitive stimulation intervention on older adults’ cognitive function, cognitive self-efficacy, and sense of happiness’, Geriatric Nursing, 56, pp. 191–203. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.012.
Atmadani, R. N. et al. (2020) ‘Self-medication and knowledge among pregnant women attending primary healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study’, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), pp. 1–11. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-2736-2.
Badawoud, A. M. et al. (2024) ‘Medication self-management capacity among older adults living in low-income housing communities’, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 64(1), pp. 88–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.10.026.
Caballero, J. et al. (2024) ‘Patient activation and medication adherence in adults’, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 64(3), p. 102025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.01.021.
Choi, J. Y., Ryu, E. J. and Jin, X. (2023) ‘Effect of self-management education using pictogram-based content of health information on outcomes in Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial’, Geriatric Nursing, 54, pp. 324–330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.10.030.
Dong, H., Zhang, D. and Wang, T. (2024) ‘The effects of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on self-care and mental health among older adults at risk of coronary heart disease: A randomized controlled trial’, Geriatric Nursing, 57, pp. 11–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.029.
Guo, C. et al. (2024) ‘Factors associated with self-neglect from a salutogenic perspective among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional correlational study’, Geriatric Nursing, 59, pp. 86–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.037.
Heo, S. et al. (2024) ‘Relationships of multidimensional factors to self-management in patients with diabetes: A Cross-sectional, correlational study’, Geriatric Nursing, 55, pp. 270–276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.11.020.
Isetts, B. J., Talley, K. M. and Brearley, A. M. (2023) ‘Assessing feasibility of a novel approach to effective medication self-management for older persons’, Geriatric Nursing, 53, pp. 295–300. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.006.
Jia, Y., Yue, Y. and Sheng, Y. (2024) ‘Self-neglect as a mediator between family functioning and healthy aging in older adults living alone in rural China: A cross-sectional study’, Geriatric Nursing, 58, pp. 410–415. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.004.
Lau, S. H. A. (2024) ‘Overview of self-medication pharmaceutical preparations by the public’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 13(1 SE-Book Review). doi: https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v13i1.1187.
Lee, E. and Choi, M. (2024) ‘Factors associated with medication adherence among older adults with multimorbidity: A culture perspective’, Geriatric Nursing, 55, pp. 297–303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.11.018.
Michael, H. U. et al. (2024) ‘Medication utilization patterns in patients with post-COVID syndrome (PCS): Implications for polypharmacy and drug–drug interactions’, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 64(4), p. 102083. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102083.
Mujiati, S., Hidayati, I. R. and Atmadani, R. N. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Iklan Obat Batuk pada Media Elektronik Terhadap Pemilihan Obat Swamedikasi’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 11(1), pp. 43–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v11i1.695.
O’Brien, J. R. et al. (2024) ‘Daily and Weekly Associations Among Pain Intensity, Self-Reported Activity Limitations, and Objectively Assessed Physical Activity in Youth With Acute Musculoskeletal Pain’, The Journal of Pain, p. 104680. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104680.
Pan, J., Fu, L. and Sun, Y. (2024) ‘A theory based study on diabetes self-management in older Chinese adults’, Geriatric Nursing, 58, pp. 255–265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.023.
Park, S. and Park, J. H. (2024) ‘Effects of digital self-care intervention for Korean older adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial over 12 weeks’, Geriatric Nursing, 58, pp. 155–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.019.
Rickles, N. M. et al. (2023) ‘A systematic review of primary care-focused, self-reported medication adherence tools’, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 63(2), pp. 477-490.e1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2022.09.007.
Selvi Sarıgül, S., Ürek, D. and Uğurluoğlu, Ö. (2024) ‘The effect of caregivers’ health literacy levels on the quality of life and self-care of patients with heart failure’, Geriatric Nursing, 60, pp. 491–496. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.015.
Spinoni, M. et al. (2024) ‘Pain Severity and Depressive Symptoms in Endometriosis Patients: Mediation of Negative Body Awareness and Interoceptive Self-Regulation’, The Journal of Pain, 25(11), p. 104640. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104640.
Thompson, K., Bowers, B. L. and Evans, A. M. (2024a) ‘Reprint of: Self-identified prescriber tendencies in sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor outpatient prescribing’, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 64(4, Supplement), p. 102177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102177.
Thompson, K., Bowers, B. L. and Evans, A. M. (2024b) ‘Self-identified prescriber tendencies in sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor outpatient prescribing’, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 64(3), p. 102068. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102068.
Wu, Q. et al. (2024) ‘Self-care challenges of patients with heart failure from the perspectives of patients and caregivers: A qualitative study’, Geriatric Nursing, 58, pp. 446–458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.005.
YAP, X. Y. et al. (2024) ‘Path analysis of self-care amongst community-dwelling pre-ageing and older adults with chronic diseases: A salutogenic model’, Geriatric Nursing, 59, pp. 516–525. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.034.
Zhang, C. et al. (2024) ‘The effect of self-rated health on depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: The mediating role of social participation and spouse health’, Geriatric Nursing, 59, pp. 411–417. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.033
