Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada

Nutritional content and acceptability of milkfish and purple sweet potato sambusa in an effort to prevent stunting

Lydia Fanny — 2025-12-12

Background: Stunting remains a major public health issue caused by chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting in 2024 was 23.3%. One contributing factor is chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women. The government promotes supplementary feeding (PMT) to address this. Sambusa made from milkfish (Chanos chanos) and purple sweet potato has potential as a local PMT due to its nutritional value and local availability.

Methods: This experimental study used a randomized design to analyze the sensory characteristics and nutritional content of Sambusa with milkfish and purple sweet potato substitution. The organoleptic test was conducted at the Organoleptic Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, and nutrient analysis (protein, omega-3, anthocyanin) at the Integrated Biotechnology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University, during May–June 2025.

Results: Sensory evaluation showed significant differences in color and texture (p<0.05) but not in aroma or taste (p>0.05). The protein content in the control (F0) and best formula (F3) was 13.88% and 13.72%, respectively. The proportion of omega-3 to total fatty acids increased from 0.74% (F0) to 0.78% (F3), and anthocyanin levels rose from 2.57 CyE/g (F0) to 7.85 CyE/g (F3).

Conclusion: Substitution with milkfish and purple sweet potato influenced the sensory and nutritional qualities of Sambusa. The modification enhanced omega-3 and anthocyanin content without significantly affecting protein levels. This product shows promise as a nutritious local supplementary food for pregnant women to help prevent stunting.

Risk factors associated with stunting among toddlers aged 24–59 months: A Case-Control

Kumbendy Sada — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in remote and highland regions such as the Bintang Mountains of Papua. It is characterized by impaired physical and cognitive development due to chronic malnutrition, repeated infections, and inadequate health services. Understanding the determinants of stunting in these settings is critical to inform effective interventions and policies.

Methods: This study employed an analytical survey with a case-control design to examine risk factors associated with stunting among toddlers aged 24–59 months in the Oksibil Health Center working area, Bintang Mountains Regency, Papua. A total of 66 respondents were recruited between April and May 2024, consisting of 33 stunted toddlers (cases) and 33 non-stunted toddlers (controls). Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals to identify significant risk factors.

Results: The findings revealed that several factors were significantly associated with stunting: maternal knowledge (OR = 1.911), history of infectious diseases (OR = 8.090), environmental sanitation (OR = 1.375), socio-cultural practices (OR = 3.801), and health service utilization (OR = 9.339). Among these, inadequate health service utilization posed the highest risk. Socio-cultural norms, poor hygiene practices, and limited maternal awareness were also strongly linked to stunting prevalence.

Conclusion: Stunting in the Bintang Mountains is strongly influenced by a combination of health service gaps, infectious diseases, socio-cultural factors, and insufficient maternal knowledge. Strengthening maternal Education, improving sanitation, addressing harmful cultural practices, and expanding access to health services are critical strategies to reduce stunting prevalence in highland and resource-limited areas of Indonesia

Surgical management of non-obstetric vulvar hematoma in a pediatric patient: A Case Report

Karnel Singh — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Vulvar hematoma is an uncommon condition in pediatric patients, often caused by blunt trauma to the perineum. Its management differs from that in adults due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications such as necrosis, infection, or recurrent bleeding.

Methods: An 11-year-old girl presented with pain and swelling in the genital region following a fall in a sitting position with a mobile phone underneath her. Physical examination revealed a right-sided vulvar hematoma measuring 7×7×5 cm. Due to the progressive enlargement and pain, surgical evacuation was performed under anesthesia, followed by drainage and wound suturing with vicryl 2.0 thread. Postoperative management included pediatric co-treatment, analgesics, and antibiotics.

Results: The patient showed significant improvement within three days post-surgery, with reduction in swelling and pain. The drain was removed on the second postoperative day, and wound healing progressed well without complications. The case emphasizes the importance of prompt intervention to prevent pressure necrosis and infection, especially in large hematomas or those with progressive symptoms.

Conclusion: Non-obstetric vulvar hematoma, although rare in children, requires prompt evaluation and management. Surgical evacuation is recommended for large or progressively enlarging hematomas to prevent necrosis and other complications. Appropriate surgical technique, postoperative care, and interprofessional collaboration ensure optimal patient outcomes

No significant association between term premature rupture of membranes and neonatal APGAR score: A cross-sectional study

Shelvy Era Chintia — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as the rupture of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor, potentially increasing the risk of infection, hypoxia, and a low APGAR score in newborns. The APGAR score assesses neonatal health immediately after birth and can be influenced by maternal and delivery factors, including PROM duration.

Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design involving 119 term pregnant women with PROM, selected through purposive sampling from medical records at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital, Lampung Province, in 2024. The independent variable was PROM duration (<12 hours or >12 hours), and the dependent variable was the neonatal APGAR score (>7 or <7). Data analysis employed the Chi-square test with a 95% confidence level.

Results: Most respondents (83.2%) experienced PROM lasting <12 hours, and 79% of newborns had APGAR scores >7. Chi-square analysis revealed no statistically significant association between PROM duration and APGAR score (p = 0.092; OR = 0.93). Although a higher proportion of low APGAR scores occurred in the >12-hour PROM group, the relationship was insignificant.

Conclusion: The study indicates no significant correlation between PROM duration in term pregnancies and neonatal APGAR scores. Prompt medical interventions may mitigate potential risks, reducing the impact of PROM duration on immediate neonatal outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of timely obstetric management and suggest further research with larger sample sizes to explore other contributing factors.

Impact of family support on chemotherapy adherence among breast cancer patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia

Muhammad Farhan Syahrefi — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among Indonesian women, comprising approximately 30% of all cases. Most patients present in advanced stages, necessitating chemotherapy, which often causes side effects such as alopecia, nausea, and anxiety that may reduce treatment adherence. Family support plays a vital psychosocial role in enhancing motivation and compliance.

Methods: This observational analytical study employed a cross-sectional design at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital, Bandar Lampung, from June 20–30, 2025. A total of 47 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were selected through purposive sampling. Family support was assessed via a validated questionnaire, and adherence data were extracted from medical records. The Chi-square test was applied with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results: Most respondents were aged 46–60 (44.7%) and worked as housewives (55.3%). Good family support was reported by 68.1% of participants, and 72.3% demonstrated good chemotherapy adherence. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between family support and chemotherapy adherence (p = 0.000 < 0.05). Patients with strong family support consistently showed higher adherence levels.

Conclusion: Family support significantly influences chemotherapy adherence in breast cancer patients. Interventions that strengthen family involvement could enhance treatment success and improve patient quality of life. Integrating psychosocial support into cancer care programs is essential to address both medical and emotional needs, thereby promoting optimal adherence and therapeutic outcomes

Ethical and legal aspects of doctors’ activities on social media: A literature review

I Wayan Tunjung — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Social media has become an essential communication platform influencing medical professionalism. For doctors, it serves as a tool for education, health promotion, and professional networking. However, unregulated use poses legal and ethical challenges, particularly concerning confidentiality and professionalism. This study explores the legal and ethical implications of doctors’ activities on social media in Indonesia.

Methods: This research employs a normative legal and literature review approach. Sources were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Garuda, and Sinta, using keywords such as doctor, social media, ethics, and health law. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected based on relevance to legal and ethical aspects of medical social media use.

Results: Findings indicate that while social media enhances accessibility to health information, education, and patient engagement, it also introduces risks of privacy breaches, misinformation, and blurred doctor–patient boundaries. Indonesian regulations, such as Law No. 11/2008 (ITE Law) and Law No. 17/2023 (Health Law), partially address these issues, but no specific regulation governs doctors’ digital conduct. A comparative analysis with international guidelines, such as those of the General Medical Council (UK), underscores the need for clearer national standards. Ethical principles in the Indonesian Medical Code of Ethics (KODEKI) must guide doctors’ online presence. Strengthened digital professionalism, legal clarity, and continuous education are crucial.

Conclusion: Doctors’ responsible use of social media can enhance public health communication. However, comprehensive legal frameworks and ethical awareness are vital to safeguard patient rights and uphold medical professionalism in the digital era.

Effect of e-book media on adolescent girls’ knowledge of mental health issues anxiety

Nofita Tudang Rombeallo — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by psychological, emotional, and social changes. Anxiety is among the most common mental health issues faced by adolescents and can significantly affect their academic achievement, social relationships, and overall well-being. This study aimed to examine the effect of e-book media on the knowledge level of adolescent girls regarding mental health issues, specifically anxiety.

Methods: This research employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of adolescent girls enrolled at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Salaka, with 62 respondents selected through total sampling. Data collection used a structured questionnaire measuring knowledge about anxiety-related mental health issues. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test through SPSS version 29.0 to compare pretest and posttest scores.

Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in knowledge after the intervention. Before using e-book media, 54.8% of respondents had low knowledge, 40.3% moderate knowledge, and only 4.8% high knowledge. Following the intervention, 74.2% demonstrated high knowledge and 25.8% moderate knowledge, with no respondents remaining in the low knowledge category. Statistical analysis indicated a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), confirming a significant effect of e-book media in enhancing knowledge.

Conclusion: E-book media is proven to be an effective educational tool for increasing adolescent girls’ knowledge about mental health, particularly anxiety. Its accessibility and interactive format make it a valuable medium for promoting adolescent mental health literacy in school settings. Future studies are recommended to expand to larger populations and integrate other digital learning resources.

Role of laboratory examinations in the diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis: A Review of Literature

Nur Wisma Arfiana — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) is a subtype of non-allergic rhinitis characterized by chronic nasal symptoms such as congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing without allergic or infectious causes. The absence of specific biomarkers makes VMR difficult to distinguish from allergic rhinitis, resulting in diagnostic challenges and potentially inappropriate therapy. This review aims to assess the contribution of laboratory examinations in the differential diagnosis of VMR.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles published between January 2021 and September 2025. Keywords included “non-allergic rhinitis,” “laboratory,” “IgE,” “eosinophil,” “nasal cytology,” “FeNO,” and “biomarker.” Out of 8,350 identified publications, 407 titles were relevant, and 57 full-text articles were reviewed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine studies were selected for detailed analysis.

Results: No single laboratory test can confirm the diagnosis of VMR. Total and specific IgE levels, as well as peripheral eosinophil counts, mainly serve to exclude allergic rhinitis. Nasal cytology plays a crucial role in identifying subtypes of non-allergic rhinitis, including NARES and NARNE. Measurements of nasal nitric oxide (nNO/FeNO) and newer biomarkers, including diamine oxidase (DAO), show potential as supportive indicators, though findings remain inconsistent.

Conclusion: Laboratory examinations contribute primarily as adjunctive tools in differentiating VMR from allergic rhinitis. A multimodal diagnostic approach that integrates serological, cytological, and biomarker evaluations with clinical findings offers the most reliable strategy for improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding appropriate therapy.

Maternal factors influencing complete basic immunization: A Scoping Review

Hatijar Hatijar — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions to prevent infectious diseases in children. However, achieving complete basic immunization coverage remains a global challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Maternal factors play a crucial role in determining whether children receive complete immunization. Understanding these factors is essential to inform strategies for improving immunization coverage.

Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework to map existing evidence on maternal determinants of complete basic immunization. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering publications between 2010 and 2025. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies addressing maternal characteristics related to childhood immunization completion. Data were extracted and categorized thematically.

Results: The reviewed studies revealed several maternal factors influencing complete immunization. These included maternal education, knowledge and awareness of immunization benefits, socioeconomic status, access to health facilities, and household decision-making autonomy. Maternal age, parity, and antenatal care attendance also showed significant associations with immunization completion. The identified barriers included limited health literacy, cultural beliefs, and logistical challenges such as distance to health services.

Conclusion: Maternal factors are central determinants in achieving complete basic immunization. Strategies to increase coverage should prioritize maternal education, empowerment, and accessibility to health services. Strengthening maternal involvement in child health programs can significantly improve immunization rates and reduce preventable childhood morbidity and mortality.

Lemongrass oil-based aromatherapy balm innovation for muscle pain reduction and body relaxation

Yuniharce Kadang — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Muscle pain is a common condition that affects individuals of various ages due to physical strain, fatigue, or improper posture. Conventional balms often rely on synthetic chemical agents that may cause irritation or excessive heat sensation. Therefore, developing a natural-based topical formulation with dual functions pain reduction and body relaxation has gained growing attention. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) contains active compounds such as citral, geraniol, and limonene, known for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and aromatherapeutic properties. This study aimed to innovate an aromatherapy balm using lemongrass essential oil to provide both pain relief and a relaxing effect on the body.

Methods: This experimental laboratory study employed a post-test-only design. The balm was formulated with varying concentrations of lemongrass oil (5%, 10%, and 15%), beeswax, vaseline, coconut oil, and menthol. The formulations underwent organoleptic evaluation, skin irritation testing, and effectiveness assessment on mild muscle pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Ten respondents with muscle discomfort applied the balm twice daily for three days. Data were analyzed descriptively to compare the physical stability, acceptability, and pain reduction effectiveness of each concentration.

Results: All formulations demonstrated good physical stability, showing no color or odor alteration after 14 days of storage. Organoleptic evaluation revealed that the 10% lemongrass oil concentration was the most preferred, exhibiting a pleasant aroma and smooth texture. Effectiveness testing indicated that the 10% balm reduced pain intensity by an average of 40%, outperforming the 5% (25%) and 15% (38%) formulations. No cases of skin irritation were reported. Respondents also reported a sense of calmness and relaxation attributed to the aromatherapeutic properties of lemongrass.

Conclusion: The aromatherapy balm containing 10% lemongrass oil provides optimal pain relief and relaxation effects without adverse skin reactions. This innovation offers a promising alternative to conventional synthetic balms, aligning with the growing demand for safe, natural, and eco-friendly complementary therapies.

Role of family dynamics in shaping adolescent social behavior and mental health: A health sociology perspective

Baso Witman Adiaksa — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Family dynamics play a crucial role in shaping adolescent social behavior and psychological health. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by rapid physical, emotional, and social changes. During this period, family communication, emotional support, and parental involvement significantly influence the formation of social values and mental well-being.

Methods: This study employed an analytical survey design using a cross-sectional approach to examine the role of family dynamics in shaping social behavior and psychological health among students of SMA Negeri 15 Wajo. A total of 65 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and analyzed using Chi-Square tests with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results: The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between family dynamics and both behavioral problems and psychological health (p = 0.002). Adolescents from families with positive dynamics exhibited better social behavior and mental health outcomes compared to those from families with poor communication and emotional conflict. The univariate analysis also showed that most respondents experienced supportive family environments (83.1%) and good psychological health (73.8%).

Conclusion: Healthy family dynamics contribute positively to adolescents’ behavioural development and psychological stability. Effective communication, emotional warmth, and balanced parental involvement serve as protective factors against deviant behaviors and mental health disorders. Future research should further explore sociocultural aspects influencing these relationships to support interventions promoting adolescent well-being.

Analysis of service waiting time and its impact on patient satisfaction at siloam hospitals Makassar

Petrus R. Lekay — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Hospital service efficiency plays a crucial role in shaping patient satisfaction, which is widely regarded as a key indicator of healthcare quality. Waiting time is one of the most frequently cited factors influencing patients’ perceptions of service performance. However, satisfaction is also affected by interpersonal aspects, such as professionalism and friendliness of healthcare staff. This study examines the relationship between service waiting time and patient satisfaction at Siloam Hospitals Makassar, focusing on registration, doctor, pharmacy, and cashier services.

Methods: A quantitative research design was used, employing secondary data obtained from the MySiloam application. The study included 360 outpatients selected through purposive sampling. Independent variables consisted of waiting times for registration, doctor consultation, pharmacy services, and cashier processing, while patient satisfaction served as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Squared Test to determine the relationship between waiting time categories and satisfaction levels.

Results: The analysis showed no significant difference in registration waiting time between self–check-in users and those assisted by staff (ρ = 0.720). However, registration waiting time demonstrated a significant relationship with patient satisfaction (ρ = 0.009). In contrast, no significant associations were found between patient satisfaction and waiting times for doctor consultation (ρ = 0.202), pharmacy (ρ = 0.558), or cashier services (ρ = 0.831). Findings indicate that patients remain satisfied despite longer waits when services are delivered professionally and accurately.

Conclusion: The study concludes that reducing registration waiting time may improve overall satisfaction, yet the interpersonal quality of healthcare services remains the most influential factor shaping patient perceptions and loyalty.These findings highlight the importance of enhancing both service efficiency and interpersonal service quality to strengthen patient perceptions and loyalty toward hospital services.

Digital mental health education: the impact of e-book intervention on anxiety knowledge among adolescent girls

Irmawati S — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical developmental stage often accompanied by psychological challenges, with anxiety being one of the most prevalent mental health issues among young people. Limited awareness and ineffective learning strategies contribute to poor understanding of anxiety, particularly among adolescent girls. This study aimed to examine the effect of e-book media on improving knowledge about anxiety and mental health among adolescent girls.

Methods: A pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 62 female students at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Salaka, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing knowledge of anxiety before and after the intervention. The educational e-book contained comprehensive information on the definition, causes, symptoms, prevention, and coping strategies related to anxiety. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with SPSS version 29.0.

Results: Before the intervention, 54.8% of respondents demonstrated low knowledge, while 4.8% had high knowledge. After exposure to the e-book, 74.2% reached the high knowledge level, and none remained in the low category. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest results (Z = -6.997, p = 0.000 < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of e-book media in enhancing mental health knowledge.

Conclusion: E-book media proved to be an effective and innovative educational tool for improving adolescents’ understanding of anxiety and mental health. Integrating digital learning materials into school-based programs can promote mental health literacy and support early prevention among youth populations.

Effect of moringa leaf consumption on milk quantity in breastfeeding mothers: A Systematic Review

Sardini Sardini — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals that may enhance lactation performance. Breastfeeding mothers often experience inadequate milk production, and moringa supplementation has been explored as a potential natural galactagogue.

Methods: This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of moringa leaf consumption on breast milk quantity in lactating mothers. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating moringa leaf preparations (powder, extract, or capsules) compared with placebo or standard care. Data extraction focused on milk volume, lactation duration, and maternal nutritional outcomes.

Results: Across the included studies, supplementation with moringa leaves consistently increased milk production. Most trials reported a significant increase in milk volume during the first 2 weeks postpartum compared with control groups (p < 0.05). Phytochemical components, such as flavonoids and saponins, in moringa are believed to stimulate prolactin secretion and enhance maternal nutrition. However, variations in dosage, preparation form, and study design led to moderate heterogeneity across studies.

Conclusion: Moringa leaf consumption significantly enhances breast milk quantity among lactating mothers. Its use as a natural galactagogue holds promise in improving breastfeeding success and maternal nutrition, particularly in low-resource settings. Moringa leaf supplements can be recommended as a natural galactagogue for breastfeeding mothers, in conjunction with a balanced diet and adequate hydration, to support milk production and infant health.

Effectiveness of community-based health promotion in preventing hypertension: A qualitative approach

Eka Mayasari — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent public health issues globally, demanding not only curative but also preventive and promotive strategies. Community-based health promotion programs have emerged as a vital approach to increasing awareness, literacy, and behavioral change to prevent hypertension.

Methods: This study employed a qualitative method through a systematic literature review of national and international publications from 2020 to 2025. The selected sources were analyzed thematically to identify social dynamics, intervention models, and determinants of program success. Data analysis involved reduction, display, and interpretation to construct a conceptual model explaining how community-based promotion enhances prevention literacy.

Results: The findings indicate that the effectiveness of community-based programs depends on active participation, leadership, resource availability, and integration with primary health services. Empowerment-based education improved knowledge, modified risky behavior, and strengthened cooperation between communities and health workers. The use of digital technologies, such as mobile health applications and social media, expands educational outreach and engagement.

Conclusion: Community-based health promotion is a transformative strategy for building awareness, empowerment, and self-reliance in hypertension prevention. Cross-sector collaboration and technology-driven innovation are essential to achieving sustainable outcomes. It is recommended that policymakers and health practitioners strengthen digital literacy, allocate continuous funding, and institutionalize participatory community programs to ensure long-term impact.

Effect of health education on self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Syaharuddin Syaharuddin — 2025-12-12

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder requiring continuous self-care to prevent complications. Health education plays a crucial role in enhancing patients’ understanding, attitudes, and skills for effective self-management. This study aimed to investigate the impact of health education on self-care behaviors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The study involved 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) selected using purposive sampling from a public health center. The intervention group received structured health education sessions covering diet management, physical activity, medication adherence, and blood glucose monitoring for a period of four weeks, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired and independent t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: The findings showed a significant increase in self-care behavior scores in the intervention group after receiving health education (p < 0.001), while no significant change was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). The mean difference between the two groups indicated that health education had a positive effect on self-care behavior among patients with T2DM.

Conclusion: Health education has a significant impact on improving self-care behaviors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Structured and continuous education increases patients’ awareness, adherence, and ability to manage diet, exercise, medication, and blood glucose monitoring effectively. Healthcare providers should integrate regular health education programs into diabetes management to enhance patients’ self-care skills and prevent complications. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-up is recommended to evaluate the long-term impact of such interventions.